What types of ingredients are used?

Active ingredients in over-the-counter topical pain medications can include:

• Capsaicin. Capsaicin (kap-SAY-ih-sin) causes the burning sensation you associate with chili peppers. Capsaicin creams deplete your nerve cells of a chemical that's important for sending pain messages. Examples include Capzasin and Zostrix. Capsaicin is most effective if used several times a day. It might take up to two weeks to feel relief.
• Salicylates. Salicylates (suh-LIS-uh-lates) contain the pain-relieving substance found in aspirin. Examples include Aspercreme and Bengay.
• Counterirritants. Substances such as menthol and camphor produce a sensation of hot or cold that may temporarily override your ability to feel your arthritis pain. Examples include Icy Hot and Biofreeze.
• Anesthetics. Topical anesthetics such as lidocaine produce a numb sensation to reduce pain. Lidocaine is available in the form of a cream, gel, spray or patch. Examples include LidoPatch and Topicaine.